Urinary and sexual function do not mediate psychological distress reduction in the PC-PEP randomized controlled trial

A secondary mediation analysis

Auteurs-es

  • Budoor Salman Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University
  • Nathan K. Smith Department of Community Health and Epidemiology
  • Gabriela Ilie Dalhousie University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1602-6374
  • Ross Mason Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University
  • Ricardo Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University
  • Andrea Kokorovic Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University
  • Cody MacDonald Department of Community Health and Epidemiology
  • Nikhilesh Patil Department of Radiation Oncology
  • David Bowes Department of Radiation Oncology
  • Greg Bailly Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University
  • W Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University
  • Eva Abou-Samra Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University
  • Robert Rutledge Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University

DOI :

https://doi.org/10.5489/cuaj.9558

Mots-clés :

prostate cancer, psychological distress, survivorship, patient empowerment, urinary function, sexual function, patient-reported outcomes

Résumé

Introduction: Psychological distress is common among men treated for localized prostate cancer and is often presumed to stem from treatment-related urinary and sexual sequelae. The Prostate Cancer-Patient Empowerment Program (PC-PEP), a six-month, comprehensive, digital intervention, reduces psychological distress and improves patient-reported urinary and sexual function. This secondary analysis tested whether improvements in urinary incontinence, urinary irritative/obstructive symptoms, or sexual function explain PC-PEP’s effect on psychological distress.

Methods: In a randomized controlled trial, 128 men with localized prostate cancer were assigned to PC-PEP (n=66) or standard care (n=62) for six months. Psychological distress was measured using the Kessler psychological distress scale (K10), and urinary and sexual function were assessed using the expanded prostate cancer index composite (EPIC) at baseline and six months. Mediation models adjusted for age, relationship status, use of medications for anxiety or depression, Charlson comorbidity index, treatment modality, time from randomization to treatment, and baseline K10 and EPIC scores.

Results: PC-PEP produced significant improvements in urinary incontinence and urinary irritative/obstructive symptoms across the full cohort and attenuated postoperative declines in sexual function; however, none of these urinary or sexual outcomes mediated the program’s effect on psychological distress.

Conclusions: While PC-PEP enhances key urinary and postoperative sexual outcomes, these functional gains do not account for its mental health benefits. This challenges the assumption that psychological distress in prostate cancer survivorship is predominantly driven by urinary or sexual sequelae and highlights the importance of addressing broader psychosocial and behavioral determinants of mental health in survivorship care.

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Bibliographies de l'auteur-e

Budoor Salman, Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University

Nathan K. Smith, Department of Community Health and Epidemiology

Post Doctoral Fellow, Epidemiology

Gabriela Ilie, Dalhousie University

Chair in Prostate Cancer Survivorship Research. Dr. Ilie’s substantive interests are in the areas of prostate cancer health related quality of life, survivorship, patient education and patient empowerment programs, patient-reported outcomes, population health, mental health, substance use, and health policy. She is particularly interested in the intersection of chronic illness and various patient-reported disease-specific and health related quality of life outcomes, with a special emphasis on adults and aging.

Ross Mason, Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University

Associate Professor, Urologist

Ricardo, Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University

Professor, Urologist

Andrea Kokorovic, Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University

Associate Professor, Urologist

Cody MacDonald, Department of Community Health and Epidemiology

International Project Manager

Nikhilesh Patil, Department of Radiation Oncology

N/A

David Bowes, Department of Radiation Oncology

N/A

Greg Bailly, Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University

N/A

W, Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University

Professor, Radiation Oncologist

Eva Abou-Samra, Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University

MSc Student, Epidemiology

Robert Rutledge, Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University

Associate Professor, Radiation Oncologist

Publié-e

2026-07-07

Comment citer

Salman, B., Smith, N. K., Ilie, G., Mason, R., Ricardo, Kokorovic, A., … Rutledge, R. (2026). Urinary and sexual function do not mediate psychological distress reduction in the PC-PEP randomized controlled trial: A secondary mediation analysis. Canadian Urological Association Journal, 20(10). https://doi.org/10.5489/cuaj.9558

Numéro

Rubrique

Original Research