Is there a gender effect in bladder cancer? A population-based study of practice and outcomes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5489/cuaj.2927Keywords:
bladder cancer, gender, outcomes, mortality, socioeconomic status, cystectomy, chemotherapyAbstract
Introduction: The incidence of bladder cancer varies by gender. Whether differences exist between women and men in extent of disease, treatment, and outcome is not well-described. We evaluate gender differences in bladder cancer using a population-based cohort.
Methods: Electronic records of treatment were linked to the population- based Ontario Cancer Registry to identify all patients with bladder cancer treated with cystectomy or radical radiotherapy (RT) in Ontario between 1994 and 2008. We compare extent of disease at time of cystectomy, treatment, and outcomes between women and men.
Results: In total, 5259 patients with bladder cancer were treated with cystectomy or radical RT; of these, 25% (n = 1296) were women. There was no gender difference in the proportion of patients treated with cystectomy (75% of women [974/1296], 73% of men [2905/3963], p = 0.189). At the time of cystectomy, women were more likely to have muscle-invasive disease (86% [836/974] vs. 80% [2335/2905], p < 0.001), but less likely to have lymph nodes dissected (68% [664/974] vs. 76% [2210/2905], p < 0.001]. Among the 2944 patients with muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma treated with cystectomy, use of neoadjuvant (5% vs. 4%, p = 0.419) and adjuvant chemotherapy (18% vs. 20%, p = 0.190) did not differ significantly between genders. Five-year cancer-specific survival and overall survival of the full cohort did not differ between women and men (38% vs. 39%, p = 0.522; 33% vs. 33%, p = 0.795).
Conclusions: This population-based cohort did not demonstrate any substantial differences in extent of disease, treatment, or outcome between women and men treated with cystectomy or radical RT for bladder cancer.
Downloads
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
You, the Author(s), assign your copyright in and to the Article to the Canadian Urological Association. This means that you may not, without the prior written permission of the CUA:
- Post the Article on any Web site
- Translate or authorize a translation of the Article
- Copy or otherwise reproduce the Article, in any format, beyond what is permitted under Canadian copyright law, or authorize others to do so
- Copy or otherwise reproduce portions of the Article, including tables and figures, beyond what is permitted under Canadian copyright law, or authorize others to do so.
The CUA encourages use for non-commercial educational purposes and will not unreasonably deny any such permission request.
You retain your moral rights in and to the Article. This means that the CUA may not assert its copyright in such a way that would negatively reflect on your reputation or your right to be associated with the Article.
The CUA also requires you to warrant the following:
- That you are the Author(s) and sole owner(s), that the Article is original and unpublished and that you have not previously assigned copyright or granted a licence to any other third party;
- That all individuals who have made a substantive contribution to the article are acknowledged;
- That the Article does not infringe any proprietary right of any third party and that you have received the permissions necessary to include the work of others in the Article; and
- That the Article does not libel or violate the privacy rights of any third party.