Limited progress in clinical trials for rare urologic cancers

Testicular and penile cancer

Auteurs-es

  • Etan Eigner technion
  • Nicola Fazaa Technion Haifa
  • Ameer Nsair Technion Haifa
  • Melissa Atallah Technion Haifa
  • Jathin Bandari University of Rochester Medical Center
  • Gilad E. Amiel Technion Haifa
  • Azik Hoffman Technion Haifa
  • Kamil Malshy University of Rochester Medical Center

DOI :

https://doi.org/10.5489/cuaj.9671

Mots-clés :

Testicular cancer, Penile Cancer, Clinical trials

Résumé

Introduction: We aimed to characterize the contemporary landscape, completion rates, and predictors of completion of clinical trials in testicular and penile cancers.

Methods: We performed a registry-based cohort analysis of ClinicalTrials.gov to identify interventional and observational trials in testicular or penile cancer initiated between January 1, 2000, and October 1, 2025. Trials withdrawn before enrollment, supportive-care or non-oncologic studies, epidemiologic investigations, and basket trials without predefined disease-specific enrollment targets were excluded. Extracted variables included trial design, enrollment targets, funding source, geographic region, and completion status. Firth’s penalized logistic regression was used to assess predictors of trial completion. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards models evaluated time to trial completion.

Results: Eighty-three eligible trials were identified, including 34 penile and 49 testicular cancer studies. Most trials were early-phase, non-randomized, and small. Overall completion rates were low (38% for penile cancer and 41% for testicular cancer), with no significant difference by disease site. Trials conducted outside North America were significantly more likely to complete than North American studies (adjusted odds ratio 10.21; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.11–68.27). Time-to-event analyses similarly demonstrated faster completion among non-North American trials (multivariable hazard ratio 5.02, 95% CI 1.84–13.66).

Conclusions: Clinical trials in rare urologic cancers demonstrate persistently low completion rates and substantial geographic disparities, highlighting the need for improved international collaboration and alternative trial frameworks to enhance trial feasibility and completion.

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Publié-e

2026-08-20

Comment citer

Eigner, E., Fazaa, N., Nsair, A., Atallah, M., Bandari, J., Amiel, G. E., … Malshy, K. (2026). Limited progress in clinical trials for rare urologic cancers: Testicular and penile cancer. Canadian Urological Association Journal, 20(12). https://doi.org/10.5489/cuaj.9671

Numéro

Rubrique

Original Research