Bone mineral density status in urolithiasis patients with vitamin D inadequacy followed at a tertiary stone centre

Authors

  • Mohamed Aly Elkoushy McGill University
  • Mazen Jundi McGill University
  • Terence T.N. Lee McGill University
  • Sero Andonian McGill University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5489/cuaj.2055

Keywords:

Vitamin D deficiency, bone density, osteoporosis, osteopenia, urolithiasis

Abstract

Introduction: We assessed abnormalities in bone mineral density (BMD) and the risk of hip and major osteoporotic fractures in urolithiasis patients with vitamin D inadequacy (VDI) followed at a tertiary stone centre.

Methods: Stone-free patients with VDI were invited to undergo dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans to assess for BMD abnormalities at the femoral neck and lumbar spine. The World Health Organization’s validated Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) was used to calculate the risk of hip and major osteoporotic fractures within 10 years. Patients with primary hyperparathyroidism or hypercalcemia were excluded.

Results: In total, 50 consecutive patients were included between June 2011 and August 2012, including 26 (52%) males. The median age was 51 years and the median 25-hydroxyl vitamin D (25[OH]D) was 18.8 ng/mL. Thirty patients (60%) had abnormal T-scores on DXA studies. This decreased to 22 (44%) when age-matched Z-scores were used; 36% had osteopenia and 8% had osteoporosis. Femoral neck and lumbar spines were affected in 24% and 32% of patients, respectively. Recurrent stone-formers had significantly lower BMD when compared with first-time stone-formers. Median serum 25(OH)D was comparable between patients with normal and abnormal DXA scans (18.6 vs. 18.8 ng/mL; p = 0.91). Five patients (10%) were at high risk (≥3%) of hip fractures within 10 years.

Conclusion: A high prevalence of abnormal DXA scans was found in urolithiasis patients with VDI, including 5 patients (10%) at high risk of hip fractures. Future studies need to assess the economic impact of obtaining DXA scans on urolithiasis patients with VDI, especially in recurrent stone-formers.

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Author Biographies

Mohamed Aly Elkoushy, McGill University

Research Fellow

Mazen Jundi, McGill University

PGY-4 Urology Resident

Sero Andonian, McGill University

Assistant Professor

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Published

2014-10-13

How to Cite

Elkoushy, M. A., Jundi, M., Lee, T. T., & Andonian, S. (2014). Bone mineral density status in urolithiasis patients with vitamin D inadequacy followed at a tertiary stone centre. Canadian Urological Association Journal, 8(9-10), 323–8. https://doi.org/10.5489/cuaj.2055

Issue

Section

Original Research