Variation spatiotemporelle de la cryptorchidie et de l’hypospadias au Québec : Une étude exploratoire
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5489/cuaj.638Abstract
Objectifs : La majorité des études effectuées au cours des dernières
décennies ont mis en évidence une augmentation du nombre de
cas de cryptorchidie et d’hypospadias entre 1970 et 1990. De plus,
l’importante variabilité géographique de ces anomalies est bien
décrite. Cette étude vise à mesurer la prévalence à la naissance
de la cryptorchidie et de l’hypospadias au Québec, à vérifier si
ces anomalies sont en augmentation et à en évaluer la répartition
interrégionale.
Méthode : Une étude épidémiologique descriptive a été réalisée à
partir du nombre de garçons de cinq ans et moins hospitalisés pour
une cryptorchidie ou un hypospadias au Québec de 1989 à 2004
selon les données du fichier administratif d’hospitalisation MEDÉCHO.
Les données sur les naissances provenaient de l’Institut de
la statistique du Québec.
Résultats : La prévalence annuelle moyenne pour 1000 naissances
vivantes de sexe masculin est de 19,1 (IC à 95 % : 18,8-19,4) pour
la cryptorchidie et 11,4 (IC à 95 % 11,1-11,6) pour l’hypospadias
au Québec. Au cours de la période étudiée, la prévalence de cryptorchidie
a légèrement diminué, alors que celle de l’hypospadias
est demeurée stable. Comparativement à la province du Québec,
des régions présentent une prévalence significativement différente
de cryptorchidie et/ou d’hypospadias. .
Conclusion : Au Québec, la prévalence de cryptorchidie est en
légère diminution alors que celle de l’hypospadias est stable.
Des variations régionales significatives sont observables. D’autres
études sont nécessaires afin d’évaluer l’hypothèse d’un lien avec
les contaminants environnementaux en émergence. L’implantation
d’un système de surveillance des anomalies congénitales permettrait
une représentation plus valide de la situation.
Objectives: Previous research has shown evidence of an increase
in the number of cases of cryptorchidism and hypospadias between
1970 and 1990. Geographical disparities of these anomalies are
widely described. This study aims to measure the prevalence of
cryptorchidism and hypospadias at birth in the province of Quebec,
to investigate if there is an increasing trend and to assess the interregional
distribution of these anomalies.
Method: A descriptive epidemiological study was undertaken to
investigate the number of newborn males up to five years of age,
hospitalized for cryptorchidism or hypospadias in Quebec between
1989 and 2004 based on data collected from MED-ECHO, a database
compiling hospitalizations and used for administrative purposes.
Birth rates were provided by the Statistical Institute of Quebec.
Results: Mean yearly prevalence per 1000 male live births was
19.1 (95% CI 18.8-19.4) for cryptorchidism and 11.4 (95% CI
11.1-11.6) for hypospadias for the province of Quebec. Within the
period of study, the prevalence of cryptorchidism decreased slightly
while that of hypospadias remained stable. Significant variations
in prevalence were observed in some regions compared to the
province, for both pathologies.
Conclusion: In Quebec, the prevalence of cryptorchidism is
decreasing while that of hypospadias is stable. There is significant
regional variation among the province. More studies are needed
to assess the potential link with environmental contaminants as
an emerging explanation. The implementation of an adequate surveillance
system for congenital anomalies would allow for a more
accurate representation of the situation.
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