Incidence and trends in the treatment of kidney stones in Canada

A population-based cohort study

Authors

  • Michael Ordon University of Toronto
  • Andrea Lantz Powers Dalhousie University
  • Ben H. Chew University of British Columbia
  • Jason Y. Lee University of Toronto
  • Michael Kogon University of Toronto
  • Sri Sivalingam Glickman Urological Institute, Cleveland Clinic
  • Shubha De University of Alberta
  • Naeem Bhojani University of Montreal
  • Sero Andonian McGill University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5489/cuaj.8596

Keywords:

Kidney Calculi, Epidemiiology, Incidence, Ureteroscopy, Lithotripsy

Abstract

Introduction: Our objective was to assess the incidence of kidney stones requiring acute care, trends in the surgical treatment of stones, and the demographics of stone formers in Canada.

Methods: We conducted a population-based, retrospective cohort study using administrative data from the Canadian Institute for Health Information. We included Canadian residents age >18, outside of Quebec, who presented between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2018, with a kidney stone episode. This was defined as a kidney stone resulting in hospital admission, emergency department visit, or stone intervention, specifically shockwave lithotripsy (SWL), ureteroscopy (URS), or percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL).

Results: There were 471 824 kidney stone episodes, including 184 373 interventions. The number of kidney stone episode increased from 277/100 000 in 2013 to 290/100 000 in 2018. The median age was 53 (interquartile range 41–65) and 59.9% were male. The crude rate for stone intervention was 877/100 000. The age- and gender-standardized rate for interventions was highest in Nova Scotia and Newfoundland and Labrador and lowest in Prince Edward Island. The most common intervention in Canada was URS (73.5%), followed by SWL (19.8%) and PCNL (6.7%). The percent utilization of SWL was highest in Manitoba, whereas for URS, it was highest in Prince Edward Island and Alberta.

Conclusions: Our study provides the first population-based data on the demographics of stone formers and treatment trends across Canada. There has been a 4.7% increase in kidney stone episodes over the study period. Those presenting to hospital or requiring intervention for a kidney stone are more likely to be male, age 41–65, and undergo URS.

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Published

2024-02-15

How to Cite

Ordon, M., Lantz Powers, A. ., Chew, B. H. ., Lee, J. Y. ., Kogon, M. ., Sivalingam, S. ., De, S. ., Bhojani, N. ., & Andonian, S. (2024). Incidence and trends in the treatment of kidney stones in Canada: A population-based cohort study. Canadian Urological Association Journal, 18(6). https://doi.org/10.5489/cuaj.8596

Issue

Vol. 18 No. 6 (2024): CUAJ June

Section

Original Research

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