Radical cystectomy for the treatment of T1 bladder cancer: the Canadian Bladder Cancer Network experience

Authors

  • Venu Chalasani Departments of Surgery & Oncology, Divisions of Urology & Surgical Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON
  • Wassim Kassouf Department of Surgery (Urology), McGill University, Montreal, QC
  • Joseph L. Chin Departments of Surgery & Oncology, Divisions of Urology & Surgical Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON
  • Yves Fradet Department of Surgery (Urology), Laval University, Quebec, QC
  • Armen G. Aprikian Department of Surgery (Urology), McGill University, Montreal, QC
  • Adrian S. Fairey Department of Surgery (Urology), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB
  • Eric Estey Department of Surgery (Urology), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB
  • Louis Lacombe Department of Surgery (Urology), Laval University, Quebec, QC
  • Ricardo Rendon Department of Urology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
  • David Bell Department of Urology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS
  • Ilias Cagiannos Department of Surgery (Urology), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON
  • Darrell Drachenberg Department of Surgery (Urology), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB
  • Jean-Baptiste Lattouf Department of Surgery (Urology), University of Montreal, Montreal, QC
  • Jonathan I. Izawa Departments of Surgery & Oncology, Divisions of Urology & Surgical Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5489/cuaj.587

Abstract

Background: Radical cystectomy may provide optimal survival
outcomes in the management of clinical T1 bladder cancer. We
present our data from a large, multi-institutional, contemporary
Canadian series of patients who underwent radical cystectomy for
clinical T1 bladder cancer in a single-payer health care system.

Methods: We collected a pooled database of 2287 patients who
underwent radical cystectomy between 1993 and 2008 in 8 different
centres across Canada; 306 of these patients had clinical T1
bladder cancer. Survival data were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier
method and Cox regression analysis.

Results: The median age of patients was 67 years with a mean follow-
up time of 35 months. The 5-year overall, disease-specific and
disease-free survival was 71%, 77% and 59%, respectively. The
10-year overall and disease-specific survival were 60% and 67%,
respectively. Pathologic stage distribution was p0: 32 (11%), pT1:
78 (26%), pT2: 55 (19%), pT3: 60 (20%), pT4: 27 (9%), pTa: 16
(5%), pTis: 28 (10%), pN0: 215 (74%) and pN1-3: 78 (26%). Only
12% of patients were given adjuvant chemotherapy. On multivariate
analysis, only margin status and pN stage were independently
associated with overall, disease-specific and disease-free survival.

Interpretation: These results indicate that clinical T1 bladder cancer
may be significantly understaged. Identifying factors associated
with understaged and/or disease destined to progress (despite any
prior intravesical or repeat transurethral therapies prior to radical
cystectomy) will be critical to improve survival outcomes without
over-treating clinical T1 disease that can be successfully managed
with bladder preservation strategies.

Contexte : La cystectomie radicale peut donner des résultats optimaux
en lien avec la survie dans la prise en charge d’un cancer
de la vessie de stade clinique T1. Nous présentons ici les données
provenant d’une récente étude multicentrique de grande envergure
portant sur des patients canadiens ayant subi une cystectomie radicale
pour le traitement d’un cancer de la vessie de stade clinique
T1 dans un système de santé à payeur unique.

Méthodologie : Nous avons cumulé les données provenant de
2 287 patients ayant subi une cystectomie radicale entre 1993
et 2008 dans 8 centres différents au Canada; 306 de ces patients
présentaient un cancer de la vessie de stade clinique T1. Les données
liées à la survie ont été analysées à l’aide de la méthode de
Kaplan-Meier et du modèle de régression de Cox.

Résultats : L’âge médian des patients était de 67 ans, et la durée
moyenne du suivi, de 35 mois. La survie globale, la survie spécifique
à la maladie et la survie sans maladie après 5 ans étaient de
71 %, 77 % et 59%, respectivement. La survie globale et la survie
spécifique à la maladie après 10 ans étaient de 60 % et 67 %,
respectivement. Les stades pathologiques se répartissaient ainsi :
p0 : 32 (11 %), pT1 : 78 (26 %), pT2 : 55 (19 %), pT3 : 60 (20 %),
pT4 : 27 (9 %), pTa : 16 (5 %), pTis : 28 (10 %), pN0 : 215 (74 %)
et pN1-3 : 78 (26 %). Seulement 12 % des patients ont reçu une
chimiothérapie adjuvante. À l’analyse multivariée, seuls le statut
des marges chirurgicales et le stade pN étaient indépendants de
la survie globale, la survie spécifique à la maladie et la survie
sans maladie.

Interprétation : Ces résultats indiquent que le stade d’un cancer
de la vessie d’abord classé comme T1 peut avoir été grandement
sous-évalué. L’identification des facteurs associés à un cancer dont
le stade a été sous-évalué et/ou à une maladie destinée à évoluer
(malgré un traitement intravésical antérieur ou des traitements
transurétraux répétés avant la cystectomie radicale) jouera un rôle
crucial dans la hausse des taux de survie sans surtraiter la maladie
clinique de stade T1 pouvant être prise en charge de façon efficace
par des stratégies de conservation de la vessie.

 

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Author Biographies

Venu Chalasani, Departments of Surgery & Oncology, Divisions of Urology & Surgical Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON

Wassim Kassouf, Department of Surgery (Urology), McGill University, Montreal, QC

Joseph L. Chin, Departments of Surgery & Oncology, Divisions of Urology & Surgical Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON

Yves Fradet, Department of Surgery (Urology), Laval University, Quebec, QC

Armen G. Aprikian, Department of Surgery (Urology), McGill University, Montreal, QC

Adrian S. Fairey, Department of Surgery (Urology), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB

Eric Estey, Department of Surgery (Urology), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB

Louis Lacombe, Department of Surgery (Urology), Laval University, Quebec, QC

Ricardo Rendon, Department of Urology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS

David Bell, Department of Urology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS

Ilias Cagiannos, Department of Surgery (Urology), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON

Darrell Drachenberg, Department of Surgery (Urology), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB

Jean-Baptiste Lattouf, Department of Surgery (Urology), University of Montreal, Montreal, QC

Jonathan I. Izawa, Departments of Surgery & Oncology, Divisions of Urology & Surgical Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON

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How to Cite

Chalasani, V., Kassouf, W., Chin, J. L., Fradet, Y., Aprikian, A. G., Fairey, A. S., Estey, E., Lacombe, L., Rendon, R., Bell, D., Cagiannos, I., Drachenberg, D., Lattouf, J.-B., & Izawa, J. I. (2013). Radical cystectomy for the treatment of T1 bladder cancer: the Canadian Bladder Cancer Network experience. Canadian Urological Association Journal, 5(2), 83–7. https://doi.org/10.5489/cuaj.587

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Original Research

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