Histologic variants of urothelial bladder cancer and nonurothelial histology in bladder cancer
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5489/cuaj.1195Abstract
Bladder cancer can be classified histologically as urothelial ornon-urothelial. Urothelial cancer has a propensity for divergent
differentiation, which has increasingly been recognized in recent
years due to heightened awareness and improved immunohistochemistry
techniques. Furthermore, the recent World Health
Organization classification of urothelial cancers improved clarity
on this issue, with its listing of 13 histologic variants of urothelial
cancer. The divergent differentiation patterns include, amongst
others, squamous, glandular, micropapillary, nested, lymphepithelioma-
like, plasmacytoid and sarcomatoid variants of urothelial
cancer. Attempts to quantify the amount of divergent differentiation
present, such as using the nonconventional differentiation
number, have been made recently, which will improve the ability
to compare publications from different centres. Genetic-based
studies have indicated that the histologic variants of urothelial
cancer arise from a common clonal precursor. Mostly, the current
evidence suggests that urothelial cancer with divergent differentiation
has a worse prognosis when compared with pure urothelial
cancer. This article will review the current literature on variant
histologies of urothelial cancer, and well as new developments
in pure squamous cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma
of the bladder.
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How to Cite
Chalasani, V., Chin, J. L., & Izawa, J. I. (2013). Histologic variants of urothelial bladder cancer and nonurothelial histology in bladder cancer. Canadian Urological Association Journal, 3(6-S4), S193-S198. https://doi.org/10.5489/cuaj.1195
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