Metabolic features of clear-cell renal cell carcinoma: mechanisms and clinical implications
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5489/cuaj.665Abstract
Central to the malignant behaviour that endows cancer cells withgrowth advantage is their unique metabolism. Cancer cells can
process nutrient molecules differently from normal cells and use
it to overcome stress imposed on them by various therapies. This
metabolic conversion is controlled by specific genetic mutations
that are associated with activation of oncogenes and loss of tumour
suppressor proteins. Understanding these processes is important
as it can lead to the discovery of biomarkers that can predict the
aggressiveness of the disease and its response to therapy, and even
more importantly, to the development of novel therapeutics. A classic
tumour in this respect is clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC). In
this review, we will begin with a brief summary of normal cellular
bioenergetic pathways, which will be followed by a description
of the characteristic metabolism of glucose and lipids in clear-cell
RCC cells and its clinical implications. Data relating to the potential
effect of dietary nutrients on RCC will also be reviewed along
with potential therapies targeted at interrupting specific metabolic
pathways in clear-cell RCC.
Le métabolisme unique des cellules cancéreuses est au coeur du
comportement malin qui leur confère un avantage sur le plan de la
croissance. Les cellules cancéreuses peuvent traiter les molécules
de nutriment différemment des cellules normales et utilisent ces
molécules pour surmonter le stress imposé par les différents traitements.
La conversion métabolique est contrôlée par des mutations
génétiques précises associées à l’activation d’oncogènes et à la
perte de protéines de suppression tumorale. Il est important de
bien saisir ces processus, car leur élucidation peut mener à la
découverte de biomarqueurs permettant de prédire l’agressivité de
la maladie et la réponse au traitement et, fait encore plus important,
elle peut mener à la mise au point de nouveaux médicaments. À cet
égard, l’hypernéphrome à cellules claires représente une tumeur
classique. Dans cet article, nous commençons par résumer brièvement
les voies bioénergétiques cellulaires normales, puis nous
poursuivons avec une description du métabolisme caractéristique
du glucose et des lipides dans les cellules de l’hypernéphrome à
cellules claires et ses répercussions cliniques. Les données associées
à l’effet potentiel des nutriments sur l’hypernéphrome à cellules
claires seront aussi passées en revue, ainsi que les thérapies
ciblées potentielles visant l’interruption de voies métaboliques
particulières dans l’hypernéphrome à cellules claires.
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