Identification of lymphatic pathway involved in the spread of bladder cancer: Evidence obtained from fluorescence navigation with intraoperatively injected indocyanine green
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5489/cuaj.1251Abstract
Introduction: We identify lymphatic vessels draining from the bladderby using fluorescence navigation (FN) system.
Methods: In total, 12 candidates for radical cystectomy and pelviclymph node dissection (PLND) were included in this study. Afteran indocyanine green (ICG) solution was injected into the bladderduring radical cystectomy, lymphatic vessels draining from thebladder were analyzed using a FN system. PLND was based onthe lymphatic mapping created from the FN measurements (in vivoprobing) in the external iliac, obturator and internal iliac regions;after PLND, the fluorescence of the removed lymph nodes (LNs)was analyzed on the bench (ex vivo probing).
Results: There were no patients with complications associated withthe intravesical ICG injection. A lymphatic pathway along inferiorvesical vessels to internal iliac LNs was clearly illustrated in 7 cases.Under in-vivo probing, the fluorescence intensity of internal iliacnodes was greater than that of external iliac or obturator nodes.Under ex-vivo probing, the fluorescence intensity of internal iliacand obturator nodes was greater than that of external iliac nodes.
Conclusions: Using an FN system after injecting ICG during a radicalcystectomy operation is a safe and rational approach to detectingthe lymphatic channel draining from the bladder.
Downloads
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
You, the Author(s), assign your copyright in and to the Article to the Canadian Urological Association. This means that you may not, without the prior written permission of the CUA:
- Post the Article on any Web site
- Translate or authorize a translation of the Article
- Copy or otherwise reproduce the Article, in any format, beyond what is permitted under Canadian copyright law, or authorize others to do so
- Copy or otherwise reproduce portions of the Article, including tables and figures, beyond what is permitted under Canadian copyright law, or authorize others to do so.
The CUA encourages use for non-commercial educational purposes and will not unreasonably deny any such permission request.
You retain your moral rights in and to the Article. This means that the CUA may not assert its copyright in such a way that would negatively reflect on your reputation or your right to be associated with the Article.
The CUA also requires you to warrant the following:
- That you are the Author(s) and sole owner(s), that the Article is original and unpublished and that you have not previously assigned copyright or granted a licence to any other third party;
- That all individuals who have made a substantive contribution to the article are acknowledged;
- That the Article does not infringe any proprietary right of any third party and that you have received the permissions necessary to include the work of others in the Article; and
- That the Article does not libel or violate the privacy rights of any third party.